1801006072 Long case



This is an online E-log book to discuss our patient's de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian's signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient's problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patient's clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. 


This E log book also reflects my patient centered online learning portfolio and your valuable comments on comment box is welcome.


I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.


Chief complaints 

A 50 year old male farmer by occupation came to opd with chief complaints of 

1. SOB since 10 days

2.Edema of both upper and lower limb since 6 days



History of presenting illness-

                  SEQUENCE OF EVENTS 


Patient was apparently asymptomatic 14 years ago then he had a history of fall from tree where he got back pain and used medication for that



                                         ↓                                       8 years ago(2015)

         He was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2                           



                                         

2 years ago(2019)- Developed fever cough and loss of appetite diagnosed with TB and took ATT for 6 months



                                       

1 year ago - he met with fire accident after that he noticed swelling in legs for which he diagnosed with 

ckd  


                                       

 Jan 2023 - In 2023 Jan he developed shortness of breath grade 3 



                                       

 March 2023-       10 days back he had sudden onset of difficulty in breathing which has progressed to 

Grade 4  orthopnea present, and Edema of both upper and lower limbs For 6 days 

Lower limb edema which is pitting type (grade 4 ) up to the thigh.

In a private hospital And was referred to our hospital for further management.





Past history-

Known case of diabetes mellitus since 8 years and was on medication- metformin


Not a known case of; Hypertension, thyroid, or Asthma. 

No history of any surgeries in the past. 

Drug history:- intermittent use of NSAIDS for the past 14 years. 



Personal history 


Mixed diet 

Appetite was normal

Bowel and bladder - decreased urinary output since 6 days 

Sleep adequate 

Addictions 

alcohol (daily)stopped 2years ago ,now occasionally 


Family history- not significant 

General physical examination 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative well oriented to time place person

Moderately built and moderately nourished.






        Imaginary pillow effect.



Pallor-absent 

Icterus-absent

Cyanosis-absent

Clubbing-absent

Lymphadenopathy-absent

Pedal edema- seen bilaterally (pitting type)



Vitals:—

Temperature- afebrile 

Pulse rate- 103bpm

RR- 35cpm

Blood pressure-150/90 mmhg

Grbs:- 203mg/dl

SpO2:- 97% @room air


Mild JVP raise is seen



SYSTEMIC EXMINATION-


Cardiovascular system:-


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:- 

INSPECTION:-

Appears normal in shape

Apex beat is not visible

No Dilated veins, scars, sinuses

PALPATION:

1- All inspector findings were confirmed.

2-Trachea is central.

APEX BEAT at 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE IN 1 cm LATERAL TO MID CLAVICALE

No palpable murmurs (thrills)

PERCUSSION:- 

 Heart borders are normal limits.

AUSCULTATION:-

S 1; S 2 heard in ALL THE AREAS 


Mild JVP Raise is seen


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-

INSPECTION:- Chest appears symmetric

    No Dilated veins, scars, sinuses

PERCUSSION -

    


Auscultation:—

NVBS are less heard in infraaxillary,infrascapular and inter scapular regions.



PER ABDOMEN:- 

no tenderness

no palpable organs

bowel sounds - present


CNS EXAMINATION:- 

The patient is conscious. 

No focal deformities. 

cranial nerves - intact 

sensory system - intact


motor system - intact


INVESTIGATIONS:- 

7/3/ 23:- 

HAEMOGLOBIN %- 10.0 gms %

PCV :- 31.8 vol% 

8/3/23:- 

HAEMOGLOBIN - 11.3 gms % 

PCV :- 36.1 vol%

9/3/23:- 

HAEMOGLOBIN %- 11.0 gms %

PCV  - 34.5 vol%

SERUM CREATININE - 5.6 mg/dl.

10 /3/23 :- 

ULTRASOUND:- 

IMPRESSION:- B/L GRADE IN RENAL PARENCHYMAL CHANGES

B/L MODERATE PLEURAL EFFUSIONS

MILD ASCITES 

SERUM CREATININE

5.9 mg/dl 

SERUM POTASSIUM

3.4 mEq/L

HAEMOGLOBIN % - 10.6 gm 

PACKED CELL VOLUME:- 34.2 vol% ( decreased)

11/3/23:- 

SERUM CREATININE:- 5.9 mg/dL


Then referred to our hospital

13/3/23 :- 

Serology:

    HIV: NEGATIVE 

    Anti-HCV antibodies:- NON-REACTIVE

    HbsAg:- NEGATIVE 

    RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR: 125mg/dl

    CUE:- NORMAL 

    S.UREA: 64mg/dl (N:- 12-42mg/dl)

    S. CREATININE: 4.3 mg/dl

    S. Na+: 138

    S. K+: 3.4 (3.5-5.5)

    S. Cl-: 104

CBP:- 

    Hb:- 12.6 gm/dl

HbA1C: 6.5%

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR:- 93 mg/dl 

POST-LUNCH BLOOD SUGAR:- 152 mg/dl 

Liver function tests:-

Total bilirubin-0.9mg/dl

Direct bilirubin-0-1mg/dl

Indirect bilirubin-0.8mg/dl

Alkaline phosphatase- 221 u/l

AST-40u/L

ALP- 81u/L


Chest X-ray 





ECG 

    


Left axis deviation  
Normal sinus rhythm 
Mild LVH


USG CHEST: 

IMPRESSION:

BILATERAL PLEURAL EFFUSION (RIGHT MORE THAN LEFT) WITH UNDERLYING COLLAPSE.

USG ABDOMEN AND PELVIS:

MILD TO MODERATE ASCITES


RAISED ECHOGENICITY OF BILATERAL KIDNEYS



2D echo:-

    Mild LV dysfunction-present

    MR +ve, TR +ve (moderate)










Provisional diagnosis:-

-Heart failure with mid range ejection fraction

With Acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease (NSAID induced or diabetes induced).

With old pulmonary kochs (2 yrs ago)

And bilateral pleural effusion (left side is more than right side)


Treatment:—

-Fluid restriction less than 1.5lts per day.

-salt restriction less than 1.2gm perday

-INJ Lasix 40 mg IV/BD.

-TAB MET XL 25mg PO/OD

-TAB Cinod 5 mg PO/OD.

-INJ human actrapid insulin SC/TID

-INJ PAN 40 mg IV/OD

-INJ ZOFER 4mg IV

- vitals monitoring

-TAB Ecosprin AV 75/10 mg PO/HS.


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